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1934

Hitler, Germany's absolute master

Following the death on August 2nd, 1934 of President Paul von Hindenburg, Hitler decided to succeed him and proclaim himself Führer and Reich Chancellor of Germany. In this way, the heads of state and government fell to one single person. While Germany would spread for several years such dark under Hitler's leadership, Venezuelan painter Armando Reverón exhibited his works in Caracas following a successful display at Paris' Granoff Hall

On August 19th, 1934, the German people cast their ballot in a plebiscite. There was a 95 percent turnout, and more than 90 percent ratified Hitler as Führer (Photo: AP)

"I swear by God this sacred oath: I will render unconditional obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Führer of the German Reich and people, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life at any time for this oath."

The German Officer Corps and every individual soldier in the German Army was made to swear this brand new oath of allegiance immediately after August 2nd, 1934, when President Paul von Hindenburg died and Hitler decided to succeed him and proclaim himself Führer and Reich Chancellor of Germany. In this way, the heads of state and government fell to one single person.

Few hours after Hindenburg's demise, Hitler's Cabinet had approved a law that unified the incumbencies of President and Chancellor. In addition, Hitler was named commander-in-chief of the armed forces. In this way, he became the god; the only one; the almighty; he, who knew and could do anything, as reported by the research at that time.

However, Hitler tried to keep up appearances. On August 19th, 1934, the German people cast their ballot in a plebiscite on the new leading responsibilities. There was a 95-percent turnout, and more than 90 percent ratified Hitler as Führer. That is, more than 38 million Germans voted him and around 2,250,000 people voted against him. Just 18 months earlier, Hitler had gotten less than 17 million votes in a multiparty election attended by more than 38 million voters. Some historians claimed that this shift meant the descent to the hell.

Before taking absolute powers, Hitler submitted his party radical wing to a bloody purge. It happened on June 30th, 1934, on the Night of the Long Knives.

With more that four million troops and commanded by Ernst Rohm, former officer of the imperial army and a superior of Hitler during World War I, the SA, an assault and paramilitary group and the armed arm of the Nazi party, turned out to be a threat to the army and also to the SS, headed by Heinrich Himmler. In this way, on the pretext of a coup attempt, Chancellor Hitler availed himself of the dark night on June 30th and orchestrated a purge, where more than 200 people were executed.

And while Germany would spread for several years such dark under Hitler's leadership, Venezuelan painter Armando Reverón exhibited his works in Caracas following a successful display at Paris' Granoff Hall. Also, in 1934, opposition guerrilla leader, General Augusto César Sandino, and his deputies were murdered in Nicaragua by the National Guard. Meanwhile, Caracas Ayacucho Theater announced the exhibition of El Tiburón.

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Aniversary Edition / 100 years in the news

Portada
Libro 100 años
We are giving our readers a sample of the work “100 Years, 100 Pages,” to be available soon. On your left hand side, you will find a page of El Universal featuring what we consider the news of the year. The opposite page is a collage of reports and advertising that show significant events occurring that year.

Multimedia

Leo

100th Anniversary. Regarded as one of the best graphic humorists in Venezuela in the 20th Century(...)
Click here to view his cartoons

Leo

100th Anniversary Regarded as one of the best graphic humorists in Venezuela in the 20th Century(...)
Click here to view his cartoons

FLAX

100th Anniversary During the postwar years, El Universal gave room to the vignettes of multiple foreign cartoonists, mainly those of renowned Argentinean caricaturist (...)

YEPES

100th Anniversary Iginio Yepes found an ideal niche in the pages of El Universal, to overtly criticize the political and economic (...)

PARDO

100th Anniversary Since the mid seventies and for more than two decades, Joaquín Pardo delighted El Universal readers with his funny drawings (...)

RAYMA

100th Anniversary Called to and convinced of becoming a caricaturist, Rayma Suprani has accompanied El Universal during the last decade. Her keenness, ingenuity (...)

Beach resort Los Caracas

100th Anniversary A resort at the foot of the hill

Caracas at quieter times

100th Anniversary Shopping in the street market

City Memories

100th Anniversary A standard picture of the 19th Century in the 20th Century. This is neither Pacheco nor anyone else, but a peasant on his way to the market

El Silencio Housing Development

100th Anniversary The birth of the new Caracas, the modern city, is tied to the building of the Bloques de El Silencio, a vision of Venezuelan architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva

    


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