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1915

Gómez customizes the Constitution

Juan Vicente Gómez had the Constitution reformed at least five times in order to stay in power for life. He always used questionable legal instruments as an excuse to remain in command. The opposition was virtually nil in a country that had not left the rural life behind. From Caracas or Maracay, the general ruled whimsically, while holding the presidency and while not. The country was his ranch, and he did whatever he wanted during 27 years

Gómez would not leave power from 1908 until his death in December 1935 (Photo: Andrés Mata Foundation)

Juan Vicente Gómez had held office for seven years, but he intended to remain for longer. In 1913, he reformed the Constitution to make his wish come true. However, his decision resulted in the first crisis inside his government.

In order to settle the argument, Gómez withheld the election under the pretext of an incursion of Cipriano Castro's troops into the coast of western Falcón state. Such situation made Gómez to run a campaign and José Gil Fortoul took office. At that moment, the true process which characterized the Gomez's era began. Finally, on April 14th, 1914, Gómez was appointed provisional president of the Republic and army commander-in-chief.

On May 3rd, 1915, the National Congress elected General Juan Vicente Gómez as constitutional president for 1915-1921. Gómez stayed most of the time in Maracay, the capital city of central Aragua state. Victorino Márquez Bustillos acted as Prime Minister in Caracas for seven years, but he regularly submitted a weekly report to the president-elect based in Maracay.

On June 1922, the Congress endorsed the third constitutional reform under Gómez's administration, aimed at reestablishing the Vice-Presidencies removed from the 1914 Constitution. Then, General Juan Vicente Gómez was elected president of the Republic for 1922-1929; his brother Juan Crisóstomo Gómez as first vice-president, and his son, General José Vicente Gómez, as second vice-president.

In 1925, yet another reform was made to the Constitution, whereby the Minister Council was created; for the first time a head of state was authorized to live outside the capital city; the president was granted the power to appoint state presidents, and the federal layout was removed.

On May 22nd, 1928, a fifth constitutional reform was enacted in order to remove the position of Venezuela's Vice-President. In 1929, a sixth reform separated the incumbencies of head of state and army chief. Again, in 1931, the Constitution was changed to merge both powers into one single position, and Juan Vicente Gómez was appointed president of the Republic one more time.

While in Venezuela steps were taken to extend forever Gómez's office, the Armenian genocide had been ongoing. It started on April 1915, following the detention in Constantinople of 250 Armenians, including intellectuals and community leaders. The development was characterized by merciless bloodshed and deportations to nowadays' Syria. Armenians were forced to cross hundred kilometers of dessert without water or food.

Also, in 1915, the world started to take aspirin tablets.

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Aniversary Edition / 100 years in the news

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Libro 100 años
We are giving our readers a sample of the work “100 Years, 100 Pages,” to be available soon. On your left hand side, you will find a page of El Universal featuring what we consider the news of the year. The opposite page is a collage of reports and advertising that show significant events occurring that year.

Multimedia

Leo

100th Anniversary. Regarded as one of the best graphic humorists in Venezuela in the 20th Century(...)
Click here to view his cartoons

Leo

100th Anniversary Regarded as one of the best graphic humorists in Venezuela in the 20th Century(...)
Click here to view his cartoons

FLAX

100th Anniversary During the postwar years, El Universal gave room to the vignettes of multiple foreign cartoonists, mainly those of renowned Argentinean caricaturist (...)

YEPES

100th Anniversary Iginio Yepes found an ideal niche in the pages of El Universal, to overtly criticize the political and economic (...)

PARDO

100th Anniversary Since the mid seventies and for more than two decades, Joaquín Pardo delighted El Universal readers with his funny drawings (...)

RAYMA

100th Anniversary Called to and convinced of becoming a caricaturist, Rayma Suprani has accompanied El Universal during the last decade. Her keenness, ingenuity (...)

Beach resort Los Caracas

100th Anniversary A resort at the foot of the hill

Caracas at quieter times

100th Anniversary Shopping in the street market

City Memories

100th Anniversary A standard picture of the 19th Century in the 20th Century. This is neither Pacheco nor anyone else, but a peasant on his way to the market

El Silencio Housing Development

100th Anniversary The birth of the new Caracas, the modern city, is tied to the building of the Bloques de El Silencio, a vision of Venezuelan architect Carlos Raúl Villanueva

    


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The stories we will tell
  1. It is said that 100 years is nothing... and it is true
  2. From the newspaper to multiple platforms
  3. The state in the stage of transition
  4. The Earth needs some love
  5. Genetically customized medicine
  6. The century of births a la carte
  1. Oil, always oil
  2. Hypertechnological and identity war
  3. The major challenge is to defeat poverty
  4. Multipolar World and on trial
  5. Sports come to cyberspace
  6. The values of the future society
  7. Is our future already here?